Face Recognition Technology To Augment Security Measures At The Sporting Event Essay

Facial recognition technology refers to a computer driven application that automatically identifies an individual from his or her digital image by a comparison of particular facial features in a facial database and in the live image (â€Å"Face Recognition,† 2007). The technology creates a template of people’s facial configurations, such as the lengths of their noses and the angles of their jaws. It thereby functions like the other biometric technologies (e. g. iris scanning) that use biological features for the purposes of recognition. According to Visionics, a manufacturer of face recognition technology, this technology is capable of finding human faces â€Å"anywhere in the field of view and at any distance, and it can continuously track them and crop them out of the scene, matching the face against a watch list† (Kautzer). While iris scanning and other kinds of biometric technologies are known to be far more accurate than the face recognition technology, it is believed that the latter would be more widely accepted because it is least intrusive. The technology also does not require users to push, click, or insert anything into the system. Moreover, companies using the face recognition technology do not require the installation of anything except the new software application. The cameras in place as well as the pictures of their employees on file are enough for companies that use the technology. Hence, face recognition technology is cheaper for organizations than the iris scanning, for instance, which requires reading setups. According to Frances Zelazney of Visionics, yet another advantage of facial recognition technology as compared to the other biometric technologies is that â€Å"[unlike] other biometrics, facial recognition provides for inherent human backup because we naturally recognize one another†¦ If the system goes down, someone can pull out an ID with a picture as backup, something you can’t do with fingerprint devices (Rutherford, 2001). † Unsurprisingly, facial recognition technology is known as the fastest growing biometric technology in our day. Law enforcement agencies and the military have been using the technology successfully for many years without the public being aware of it. In the year 1988, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (Lakewood Division) began using composite sketches of suspects, as well as video images, in order to conduct searches on a database of digital facial shots. The department also has a photo database of sex offenders, and plans to find suspects on this database. Then there is the Gang Reporting Evaluation Tracking system that can be searched with the use of photos of suspects in order for law enforcement to circumvent false identification cards as well as information that has been presented by gang members (Jarvis). There are numerous United States embassies around the world that are already using the face recognition technology to keep criminals from entering the country. The Israel-Palestine border control is similarly equipped with the technology to reduce crime across the border (Jarvis). IQ Biometrix, established in 2001, is a company providing help to thousands of law enforcement agencies around the world with the FACESTM, which is a groundbreaking software tool allowing for the â€Å"creation and recreation of billions of facial images, as well as their encoding, cataloging and transmitting. † The technology incorporates a facial composite tool that the FBI and the CIA also use. The United States Department of Defense, the U. S. Navy, and various local as well as state police agencies have similarly opted for this groundbreaking system of facial recognition (IQ Biometrix, 2004). Given the importance of putting a name to a face, whether it is to solve crimes, protect the public, or to ensure security in jails, face recognition technology is proving itself to be of tremendous value. Sheriff Everett Rice along with the Pinellas County Sheriff’s Office in Florida employs the Viisage face recognition technology to â€Å"positively identify and verify individuals. † Some of these individuals have just been recently arrested, while others are about to released. The face recognition technology is also of use with people that visit the courthouse. So far, the application of the technology has been successful, and users of the technology believe that it would have a greater impact on crime control in the years to come (â€Å"Facial Recognition,† 2007). The United States Department of Defense, with its focus on perfecting the face recognition technology to spot criminals at the borders of the nation, had been funding scientists’ research on the technology for more than decade. Private companies were similarly convinced that the face recognition technology could help dramatically in combating crime within the borders of the United States. Because of their belief, the marketing of the technology became widespread during the mid-1990s (Rutherford). Then came 9/11 – the day that changed the security concerns of the entire world in the matter of only a few hours. There was increased interest in face recognition technology following the terrorist attacks on the American soil. Although the Americans had viewed the face recognition technology with skepticism before the attacks, they became confident that widespread use of the new technology in security as well as public safety would help protect them from similar attacks in future. Indeed, the face recognition technology could play an important role in the prevention of tragedies. All the same, law enforcement agencies have discovered that in the areas covered by the new technology, no terrorist has ever been identified. What is more, despite the redoubling of efforts to create dependable face recognition systems after 9/11, the technology suffers from problems. The facial recognition technology faces a difficulty, for example, in the recognition of the effects of aging. Digitally compared photos of individuals that had been taken eighteen months apart produced untrue rejections by the software application at least forty three percent of the time. Furthermore, it has been found that the technology is more successful when used by casinos to identify cheaters; in welfare offices; and by driver’s license bureaus, given the uniformity of lighting and the use of the same cameras in these places (Jarvis; O’Harrow, 2001). Seeing that the face recognition technology is not fool proof, albeit useful – and security experts have confirmed this – it is best to use it at the sporting event only to augment security measures. The new technology can help security personnel at the sporting event to spot terrorists, for instance. However, face recognition technology should not be considered a replacement for traditional security measures by any means. What is more, this technology is easy to use, and security personnel would not have a difficult time installing and working through the system. Hence, the use of face recognition technology at the sporting event is definitely recommended as a boost to the traditional security measures. References Face Recognition System. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Facial_recognition_system. Facial Recognition in Action. (2007). Penton Media. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from http://govtsecurity. com/current/. Jarvis, A. Are Privacy Rights of Citizens Being Eroded Wholesale? Forensic Evidence. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from http://forensic-evidence. com/site/ID/facialrecog. html. Kautzer, C. Face Recognition Technology. ZMAG. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from http://www. zmag. org/ZMag/articles/march02kautzer. htm. O’Harrow, R. (2001, August 1). Matching Faces With Mug Shots. Washington Post, p. A01. Rutherford, Emelie. (2001, July 17). Facial Recognition Tech Has People Pegged. CNN. Retrieved 25 August 2007, from http://www. cnn. com/2001/TECH/ptech/07/17/face. time. idg.

Overpopulation: Earth’s Destruction

Amanda Broxton Instructor Sabel Composition II Cause and Effect Essay May 28th, 2009 Overpopulation: Earth’s Destruction Can you picture it? On one side of the world, in the middle of nowhere, a potentially beautiful child is just skin and bones; on the other side, another animal that can not be replaced has gone extinct. Somewhere there is a woman washing her few belongings in a dirty, polluted river. These and many other events like them are taking place all over the world. The cause? Over popularization, on which has been the root of many problems and is caused by many others, but do not worry there might be some hope in fixing it. Due to over popularization, one of Earth’s potential destruction is caused by over-production of the land. From more and more animals going extinct that can not be replaced because there isn’t room for them to live on. Also because of this, there is not enough food and clean water for humans and animals alike. Plus, humans are not conserving resources as they should and are taking prime land to pile more and more people on. Environmentalists have long been concerned about the resources threatened by rapidly growing human populations, focusing on phenomenon such as deforestation, desertification, air pollution and global warming. But the worst-case scenario for people experiencing overpopulation, according to Lawrence Smith, president of the Population Institute, is a lack of fresh, clean water. â€Å"If the water goes, t he species goes,† he said. ’(Hoevel, 2008, para. 9). Equally important is the fact that this is all caused by us Homo sapiens looking for a better lifestyle. We now have new medicines and technologies to help us live longer by healing every little thing that might be wrong with us. Some of those things were introduced by Mother Nature to kill us off to keep everything equal. We also have higher birth rates produced by more people having healthier births and multiple births. Furthermore, these children are living through earlier childhood killing diseases with the aforementioned medicines and technologies. ‘Until recently, birth rates and death rates were about the same, keeping the population stable. People had many children, but a large number of them died before age five. During the Industrial Revolution, a period of history in Europe and North America where there were great advances in science and technology, the success in reducing death rates was attributable to several factors: (1) in-creases in food production and distribution, (2) improvement in public health (water and sanitation), and (3) medical technology (vaccines and antibiotics), along with gains in education and standards of living within many developing nations. Without these attributes present in many children's lives, they could not have survived common diseases like measles or the flu. People were able to fight and cure deadly germs that once killed them. ’(Kinder, 2009, para. 10). Not to worry though, there are some ways that this inequality maybe reversed. They may not be what many people would approve of, but at least they are ideas of what we could do. That this one for instance, at the end of each month we would tally all the births. Then picking at random from those people that are on death-row or even in prison or jail for life for longer then ten years, would have the honor of helping with the equalization of the birth-to-death ratio. If nothing else, after a few years, this should deter hard crime. Each country and/or state would be responsible for The Equalization Program. There is also the idea of reinstating the two birth policy (China had this policy at one time) with a few ‘minor’ adjustments. One being that right after the second birth there would be a mandatory sterilization of the mother and father, and any other men over fifty years of age would also have to be sterilization. Those that wanted another child would then have to adopt those children that unfortunately don’t have a home. In conclusion, sure over popularization has many causes and it may cause many problems, but at least there are some solutions that can be looked at. I did not say that many people would like them but they’re there. In the end, I hope that things can be equaled out so that we do not have to put such a strain on our one and only earth. If we destroy it, there is not another one that we can start over on. Work cited

Social Responsibility and the Community Research Paper

Social Responsibility and the Community - Research Paper Example Notably, corporate social responsibility promotes the reputation of the company and creates a competitive advantage. In the modern world, organizations are under pressure to practice corporate social responsibility while still making profits. Indeed, it has become an expectation for all organizations to be ethically and socially responsible for the benefit of the organization and the society (ISO, 2010). This paper will research and write an analysis of Starbucks social actions in the community. Analysis Starbucks Coffee Company is the leading coffee retailer, roaster, and brand of specialty coffee in the world. Starbucks originated from Seattle, USA, but today it operates in over 60 countries with more than 18,000 stores. Starbucks specializes in premium and sell salads, books, gifts, warm and cold beverages, and other accessories. Due to its wide market network, high quality of its products, and the wide range of products, Starbucks commands a significant market presence where it h as the largest customer base in the coffee other blend- drinks industry. As a result, it interacts with many societies and therefore influences their lives. Therefore, there is need for a corporate social responsibility strategy to guide the operations of Starbucks Coffee Company all over the world. ... Indeed, it is clear from the organization’s website that Starbucks adopted various corporate social responsibility strategies with a view of achieving its mission statement. Specifically, the corporate social responsibility strategies adopted by Starbucks includes the 2000 partnership with Conservation International aimed at creating ethical coffee-sourcing guidelines (Bruhn-Hansen, 2012) and the formulation of the Starbucks Foundation. Moreover, Starbucks seeks to be accountable to all Starbucks stakeholders and making social investments in origin countries as well as minimizing their environmental impact. Additionally, the organization participates in the Global Month of Service. There are various pros and cons to the application of the respective corporate social responsibility strategies adopted by Starbucks Coffee Company. For example, the 2000 partnership with Conservation International aimed at creating ethical coffee-sourcing guidelines derives notable pros and cons. I n this strategy, Starbucks boosts the lives of farmers by purchasing at outright prices, signing long-term contracts, and buying directly from farms and cooperatives (Starbucks Corporation, 2013). This equally ensures sustainable supply of high-quality coffee to the organization. Moreover, through the Ecologic Enterprise Ventures and the CI Foundation, Starbucks avails credit facilities to farmers (Starbucks, 2001). Nevertheless, an outright price and long-term contracts hinders the farmer from enjoying better prices from other companies in the near future. More so, there is a risk to the repayment of the loans given to the farmers. On the other hand, the partnership allows Starbucks to give financial incentives and rewards to coffee suppliers who conserve the environmental and demonstrate

Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing paper - Essay Example New product development under the brand name Apple, takes creativity, innovation and technology as the design forces and variables that are accounted for in developing new products. Creativity encompasses ensuring that the product being developed will capture the market’s interest. In this pursuit, the product features that lacks in the already available products should be critically considered. This is tailored towards revolutionizing the market setting in terms of consumer expectations. Innovation and technological advancement is the product design that stands out relative to what other firms are offering. Innovation treats all aspects of product production, meaning that the factors of production are all effectively combined in a way that outperforms substitute products in the market. In other words, innovation is a critical component of new product development. Technological advancement is similarly an ongoing process. Keeping at par with technological progress makes it essential that new products be integrated into technological pursuits. When creativity, innovation and technological progress are combined into the development of a new product (Grant 247), the resultant product is highly likely to take the market at a storm prior to favorable pricing and improved product

Literature and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature and society - Essay Example Marlon Brando, the main character, plays as a former boxer as well as a longshoreman who is accidentally engaged with dishonest labor unions the slaughter of young Joey (Elia 36). Marlon works as a puppet for corrupt bosses in the movie. We constantly see conflict of values since there are individuals who have embodied truth as well as law whereas corruption prevails on one side. Brando’s Terry Malloy has lost in an important boxing fight having been persuaded by his brother. Terry plays a man with a conscience torn between two sides. Le asks him to monitor and spy on Barry, Malden’s father and Eva Saint’s Edie. Soon Terry witnesses their good plans but initially he is doubtful and mocks them (Elia 27). He gets confused since he wants to assist Edie and at the same time wants to meet expectations of Charley and Johnny. Individualism is a theme that has been well illustrated in this movie. Terry is experiencing a lot of hardships just because of Friendly, the self –centered individual. Friendly is an individualist since he is inspired by his own interests to make taint the working atmosphere with corruption. The play waiting for Lefty by Odets explores union movements by workers because they have been let down by their seniors (Odets 56). Collectivism is broadly spread since communism is what the employees aim as protest to strike. Tax drivers suggest striking as the ideal option to seek out the attention of their seniors. The only individuals who skipped the strike were the people in forefront organizing the strike and the military workers. Even after finding out that the union leader had already been murdered by their senior they still carried on with the fight for their own rights. Collectivism is further illustrated because the author creates the presence of Lefty as crucial even though the union does not disintegrate and collapse with his absence. However, Lefty`s absence made the protest more

Stratgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stratgy - Essay Example The available work force and resources is the most essential asset to attain the set objectives (Trapczynski & Thomas, 91). Therefore, the company focus on preserving the health and safety of employees remains a crucial part in every phase of the business operations. The aim of the memo is to provide a strategy plan for the company to the CEO for one and ten years’ time. The company has been operational for a few years and has managed to attain tremendous progress. Establishing a memo to the CEO,that highlight the company’s strategic plan for one and ten years’ time will provide an essential blue print forplanning future global operations. Colorado Company’s international goal: To reach a diverse market segment and become a dominant leader in the fast growing Applied Control Equipment industry Strategy 1:Colorado Company to attain the set global plan of gaining a diverse market segment will require more resource allocation within china and other targeted a reas abroad. In one year, the company will require to open up new branches locally in China to attain its set goals. The business environment in China is appealing to investors due to existing and emerging opportunities. The company opening up new branches will provide a platform for increasing returns. The company to attain maximum possible returns would need to employ business strategies that align to the prevailing competitive forces. This will ensure Colorado Company optimizes on the existing opportunities to attain its potential. The company strengthening its position locally in the Chinese market would be an added advantage of expanding globally. The Chinese business environment is diverse thus capturing the wide market segment will guarantee maximum exploitation of the existing opportunities. Different business environments have varying traditions and culture. The company carrying out studies regarding the safety practices, as well as, priorities in the different markets will be pivotal in designing effective business practices. China offers a diverse market hence easier to emulateothermarkets abroad. In one year, the company needs to have penetrated the local market through business practices that align to the prevailing conditions. The company capturing a significant market share would guarantee more revenue for expansion purpose. The company has a culture of creating products that relate to the various business environments. This is an advantage for a company operating on a global level, as it can attract customers from different heritages that still recognize their roots (Trapczynski & Thomas, 99). In ten years’ time, the company will have established itself in both local and global market for it would have understood the diverse cultures. Objective 1: To attain a significant market share both locally and globally. Understanding the different business cultures in the emerging market will be crucial in employing relevant business practices tha t would enhance the potential of the company. In one year, the company needs to strengthen its position locally to enhance its potential. This will provide an appropriate platform for expanding globally over the next ten years period to increase its market share. Strategy 2: Colorado Company creating competitive advantage features through employing an innovative strategy to enhance product quality and customer satisfaction. The success of the company is based on a production

Innovation and New Product Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation and New Product Development - Essay Example New Product Development is defined as; 'the processes involved in getting a new product or service to market. The traditional product development cycle, the stage-gate model, embraces the conception, generation, analysis, development, testing, marketing, and commercialization of new products or services.'[5] New product development and innovation are an integral part of many companies. This is because the reason the existence of a company is to satisfy the needs of the consumer. As long as unfulfilled needs exist in the market; the company must strive to satisfy those needs by the introduction of new products and services. This area of a company has recently acquired much limelight and attention. This is because of two reasons. Firstly, due to technological changes, products are fast becoming obsolete and new products are required to be developed in order to take their place. Secondly; it has become easy for companies to replicate a new product offering. This is how me too products have increased in the market. The only protection from this is continual innovation and a commitment to change. There are three distinct categories of new products. The first category includes products that are truly innovative and hence unique; such as the computer, telephone and the zipper. The second category includes replacements that are significantly different from existing products and services in form, benefits and features. Notable examples include digital camera and contact lenses. Lastly, the third category comprises imitative products which are new to a particular company but not new to the market. In certain cases a company may just want to offer a 'me too' product to the consumer.[14] A new product strategy identifies the role a product is intended to play in satisfying company and marketing goals. For example; a product may be launched to protect market share, to create a new category or attain a specific return on investment. It may also be launched to maintain the company's reputation for innovation or social responsibility. This is what the strategy was for General Motors when it launched the EV1 electric vehicle. ' Although the EV1 may have helped General Motors rebut criticism about not being environmentally sensitive, it failed with respect to achieving sufficient sales'[15] In general there are six stages of the product development process. The first stage consists of generating new product ideas. Therefore organizations must encourage creativity and breakthrough thinking in their employees. These ideas can be generated through a number of different ways. These include long-range studies; whereby information on market trends and the use of the Delphi technique is used to discover new ideas. Another source of innovative ideas is the customer. Therefore many innovations come from listening to the customer about their unfulfilled needs or refinement in existing products that they would like to see. Brainstorming, gap analysis and dissecting competitive products are other sources of new ideas [2]. Certain new developments for product innovation have resulted in specific tools to generate new product ideas. These include. Examples are of Attribute Listing, Morphological Analysis and Matrix Analysis. They entail first examining all the attributes of an exist ing product.  

How convincing is Porter's model of national competitive advantage in Essay - 2

How convincing is Porter's model of national competitive advantage in explaining the workings and achievements of major nation - Essay Example Chief activities are held up by the infrastructure of the organisation, personnel management, technology growth and procurement. Nevertheless, the Porter’s model has its weak point. In the fiscal sense, the model assumes a traditional market. The more the production is regulated, the less significant insights the model can offer. Porter’s model is appropriate for analysis of an uncomplicated market structure. The model is founded on the idea of competition. The fresh interest in state competitiveness has unlocked up the debate on the factual meaning and understanding of global competitiveness of countries. The management theories that organisation competitiveness can expand to country competitiveness as explained by Porter in his diamond work frame and the globe competitiveness reports. To comprehend why so much stress is placed on the diamond framework in the organisation literature, a distinction has to be haggard between the sense of competitiveness at a nation level and global competitiveness. National competitiveness and national diamond Conventional theories of international deal propose that comparative advantage lives in the factor endowment with the intention of a country to inherit. Factor endowments comprise land, natural reserves, labour and the dimension of the local population. Gladwell (2000) argues that a country can create novel advanced issue endowment such as accomplished labour, a strong expertise and knowledge base, administration support and culture. Porter used a diamond shaped drawing as the basis of framework to exemplify the determinants of national advantage. This diamond represents the national playing field that countries establish industries. There are critiques attached to competitive benefit of a national diamond. The inventory of factors at a given period is less significant than the degree that they are improved and deployed. Infrequent disadvantages in factor of production compel innovation. Adverse stipulations such as labour and scarcity of scarce raw materials compel firms to come up new methods and this novelty often leads to a nationwide competitive advantage. Whilst the market of a particular product is well-built locally than in overseas markets the local organisations devote more concentration to that product than to overseas firms. This leads to a competitive benefit when the local organisations are exporting the product. An illustration of how an industry can give a competitive advantage is extracted from Japan .The Japanese facsimile industry exemplifies the diamond of national gain. Japanese attained dominance in this industry for various causes. Japanese factor conditions: Japan has a comparatively high number of electrical wangles per capita. Japanese demand conditions: The Japanese marketplace was very demanding for the reason of the written language. There was sizeable number of related and following industries with good technology. For instance good miniaturized components as there is less space in Japan. Domestic competition in the Japanese fax machine industry encouraged innovation and resulted to swift cost reductions. Administration support- the state owned telecom company (NTT) distorted its cumbersome approval necessities from each installation to an additional general type

Personal Statements Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Statements - Personal Statement Example In flight instruction, where evaluating and documenting risk can be real time or anticipated for the future, my ability to recognize and evaluate the risk at every conceivable instant allows me to complete each flight safely; in flight instruction, there is no room for errors. In real time, I evaluate and identify risks from the pre-flight briefing through the post-flight briefing of every lesson. By documenting the flight lesson in the student’s records, I anticipate potential risks that must be addressed until I am satisfied that the risk can be managed and mitigated by the student when I no longer unsupervised their development and risk management. This is a complicated process that requires I document flight lessons in both my and the student’s records to pinpoint dysfunctions and areas that require further evaluation and improvement. The goal that is achieved provides a viewfinder for identifying, and eliminating risk within program parameters. I also managed risk while flying freight. One risk that constantly required monitoring was icing potential. I would perform a pre-flight evaluation to review the route of flight. I would evaluate the weather using documented and approved sources, and I would evaluate the potential for icing. I would assess the type of aircraft required for the flight and based on these risk evaluations request the appropriate aircraft to control the risk. Simply stated, if I was going into icing, I would demand an aircraft useable for known icing. If the appropriate aircraft was not available, I would explain the risk involved with the flight, provide the information I had obtained while assessing the risk and explain how that risk would be mitigated by using appropriate equipment. I was never denied an aircraft after explaining my documented, risk-assessment evaluation. 2. In this text area, please provide a brief explanation of your

Work, People and Productivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work, People and Productivity - Essay Example sses engage in questioning and interactive transformational process, it makes jobs more satisfactory by ensuring substantial reduction in the cost of recruitment. Furthermore, it enhances retaining of experienced workforce while motivating them to increase the productive levels of the business. As part of highly reliable company, I would be resilient and mindful towards motivating the employees on their duties while assessing the capabilities for assured performance. The problem of high reliability and assertiveness has become an important issue towards the business development. As such, high reliability aims at ensuring that employees work under conducive environment that is free and fair to allow them have expansive thoughts on innovative elements vital to the organizational success. Based on the security concern of the overall organization, high reliability should prioritize on a culture of a better attitude. Such concentration aims to decentralizes and embrace decisions of reducing less productive members of the business. Based on ethics and humanity and as a reliability manager, I would use the authority bestowed in me to learn and change employees through incidents and accident free environments as illustrated by (Miller, 2009). Applying reliability ideas in an organization, I should remain competitive in an increasingly dynamic environment, as a leader will have to help employees learn to cope with the tension of conflicting aims in contrary having conflicting goals that cause confusion within an organization (Persil, 2014). Putting myself into the place of a reliable leader, I should identify both adaptive and technical problems like this form than foundation in tackling any problem that befalls leadership responsibility. Due to constant changes experienced within the business parameters, safety of employees has become a serious challenge to most leaders. Therefore, I should employ the best strategies that comply with the current conditions that would

The history of gambling Essay Example for Free

The history of gambling Essay Gambling is one of the oldest known pursuits of mankind. Archeological evidence suggests that even the earliest caveman was a gambler. Dice-like objects made from the ankle bone of a sheep or dog called Astragali dating back 40,000 years have been found. Cave drawings depicting gambling offer further proof of the existence of early gamblers. Pairs of dice have even turned up in the ruins of Pompeii, some of them loaded to fall a certain way. Around 2300 B. C. , the Chinese invented a game of chance using tiles, and 1100 years later Greek soldiers amused themselves with dice games, though in ancient Greece gambling was illegal. In Egypt, a pair of ivory dice were found in Thebes dating back to 1500 B. C. , and ancient gambling artifacts have been unearthed in China, Japan, India and Rome. In ancient Rome, Claudius redesigned his carriage so that he would have more room to throw dice, Caligula confiscated knights property to cover his gambling debts, and Roman soldiers gambled for the robes of Christ after his crucifixion. At the height of the Roman Empire, lawmakers decreed that all children were to be taught to gamble and throw dice. During the 14th century, and in spite of being an inveterate gambler himself, King Henry VIII outlawed gambling when he discovered that his soldiers spent more time gambling than improving their battle skills. When Henrys wife, Anne Boleyn, and her brother were tried for treason and incest, the odds were 10-to-1 on acquittal. In the New World, Native Americans , believing that the gods themselves invented games of chance, played dice with plum stones painted white or black. In addition to wagering possessions, Native Americans also played to predict future harvests and in hopes of curing seriously ill tribal members. During the Revolutionary War, lotteries bankrolled the Continental Army. Washington himself bought the first ticket for a federal lottery in 1793 sponsored to finance improvements in the District of Columbia, and nearly all state governments sanctioned lotteries. By the 1830s, more than 420 lotteries nationwide offered prizes. Lotteries remained a popular fund-raising method throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Riverboats and frontier towns in the New World emerged providing new gambling venues, sometimes legal, sometimes not. And one risked much more than a few gold pieces when gambling in the frontier days. Card cheats and con men were often lynched, denoting the publics attitude toward professional gamblers, or sharpers as they were often known. In the 1830s, refugee sharpers from the South moved to Cincinnati and opened the nations first Wolf-Traps or 10 Percent Houses, named for of the houses cut of the action. Cincinnati also was the birthplace of the Horse-Hair game, a method for cheating in cards by which a player, aided by an accomplices distractions, manipulated cards and chips by use of a horse hair attached to a vest button. After the Civil War, evangelical reform wiped out most of the lotteries. In the 1890s, the flagrant fraud of the nationally marketed Louisiana lottery led Congress to outlaw the remaining games, creating a public disdain for lotteries, and in 1910 Nevada made it a felony to operate a gambling game. Prohibition sent drinking and gambling underground. But it didnt stay down for long. In the 1930s, restrictions eased up and legalized betting on horse racing became popular. In 1931, Nevada legalized gambling again, and casinos literally sprouted from the sands of the desert. Atlantic City followed suit in 1978 and since then, other states have legalized various forms of gambling. Gamblers were hungry for a variety of games and where the early casinos offered just a few choices, the new and improved versions started adding variety to the games. Down in Texas theyd been playing a poker game called Hold Em and as the Texans traveled thru Nevada, they urged the casinos to add this poker variant. They didnt just want to play poker, they wanted to play Texas Hold Em as the variant came to be known. Variants of blackjack and poker started popping up all thru the casinos, sometimes from foreign travelers bringing an overseas version and sometimes by the casinos themselves attempting to tip the odds. Either way it was a hit and places like Las Vegas became all the rage, growing faster than anyone could have imagined. Variations of the games were sometimes used as a draw for a particular casino, being the only casino to offer that variant. Not to be outdone, other casinos would offer their own variations and before long there were dozens of different poker games and blackjack games.

The advantages and disadvantages of online businesses

The advantages and disadvantages of online businesses Introduction The topic of online shopping has been of particular interest to practitioners, academics and marketing strategists and lot of research has already gone into determining whether these online companies are significantly different than brisk-and-mortar companies and if there are any systematic differences in consumer choice behavior between online and regular shopping (Eatock et al.,2002). There are some exceptional examples of online companies like Google, Yahoo and Amazon which have grown to become major global brands in their own right. These companies are purely online companies while there are others like Tesco.com who have hugely successful online operations but their online operations only supports their regular operation. This research does a feasibility analysis of a company going online and analyzes the effectiveness of the business model of online companies citing relevant examples. Analysis and Discussion Advantages of online operations Reach – Online companies can cater to a wider range of audience as compared to their offline counterparts. Eg. Companies like Amazon and eBay have a global reach. Low Cost the cost of spreading the message, advertising and in general the administration costs are lesser than regular companies and far more lesser when online companies reach economy of scale. Ease of shopping – Provides customers with a hassle free shopping experience whereby customers can sit at their home and shop at the click of their mouse. Choice – Gives customers more choice to choose from. Eg. Barnes and Noble has ten thousand books in its store and million in its online store Disadvantages Ease price comparison – Because customers can compare prices easily (now with price comparison sites like confused.com, moneysupermarket.com etc), it makes companies compete on price rather than product differentiation and other factors which means online companies have lesser margins. Security and reliability issues – With Internet and credit card fraud on the rise, people are becoming more and more cautious and reluctant of giving their bank details online. Information Overload – At times people get lost on the internet because there is too much information which makes them delay or refrain their purchasing decision. ‘Squeezing the tomato’ (Gallauher, 1999) syndrome – People still like to have a look and try products like clothes etc before buying it. Trust – Because customers do not deal with the actual person but with an internet process, trust is of the major issues. Shipping costs – Convenience comes at a cost and most often than not, people have to pay for their shipping if they don’t buy stuff above a certain price limit. Eg. Customers have to buy something greater than  £5 in TescoDirect to have it delivered free of cost. Disadvantages on online companies can be overcome but only if they view the customer experience from the eyes of their customer. Online businesses Illustrations are given of three types of online companies which are different in their operations, eBay, is purely an online auction company, Barnes and Noble is a book seller which has both online and offline operations, easyJet is a low cost carrier which follows a Web-based distribution strategy. easyJet easyJet is a low-cost airline which has made the Internet the core of its business. Its business model is based on cost efficiencies and by hacking cost and overheads at every possible stage it ensures a built-in business advantage by selling online and thereby cutting away the intermediaries like travel agents etc. Presently 85% of its sales are online and the company aims to sell all the tickets online by the end of this year and be the only ‘Web-only’ airline. (Web 1) Another noteworthy feature is the ease of online booking and security of its site. The passengers online experience reinforces confidence in the booking process. (Lynch, 2005) Underlying the use of internet is easyJet’s business philosophy of efficiency and cost cutting and its business model of reaching to the mass market which couldn’t have been done without the use of Internet. The internet helps it lower its distribution cost, reach mass audiences, give an indication of customer prefere nces and passenger demand helping in pricing and staying ahead of competition.(Ind et al.,2002) The result of efficient and effective use of internet by easyJet has propelled it into a rapidly growing airline based on sound competitive business principles with an innovative business model. easyJet has revolutionized the way Internet can be used as the most effective business tool. E-Bay E-Bay is a purely online company which sells and auctions nearly everything on the internet. Through the internet medium, it has completely transformed the concept of auctions into e-marketplaces which were once limited to garage sales and flea markets. (Light, 2001) The internet makes the auctions global making it reach a wider audiences (it has about 29.7 million registered users today (Web 2)). E-Bay’s business model is based again on low cost and maximum reach by automating the traditional methods of selling. It adopts a unique culture of rating buyers and sellers to encourage trust among its customers making them feel more confident transacting with a person they don’t know. This also ensures reliability of its brand which helps overcome the transaction security issue discussed earlier. E-Bay’s profits have soared to 400% and revenues have doubled in 2006 as compared to 2005. (Web 3) The success is not only on the revolutionary concept of e-auctioning but al so on the way it handles its internet operations. Barnes Noble Barnes and Noble is a US based book store which sells books both in its regular stores and online. It has a $62 billion worldwide market and its internet site brings more than 70% of its revenues.(Web 3) Barnes and Nobles success can be attributed to the way its online shoppers can look inside the books (table of contents, abstract and in some cases even read the first chapter of the book they are looking to buy). The internet also offers buyers a greater variety of selection which is not the case with book stores which are limited by space. According to a Goldman Sachs report on Internet retailing, book selling is third among the top dozen or so products ranked for online success. Books are ideal to sell on the Web because you don’t need to see them in person, try them on, or check out their freshness. (Kotler, 2002) Another unique feature of Barnes and Noble is its online search facility which is subdivided into titles, authors, year of publication and industry etc which mak es customers aware of the latest issues. Its Website also offers chat facility with chat groups dedicated to particular genres. Feasibility Study Success of the online businesses highlighted above should be generalized because every online business is not successful. Before considering to go online, a company has to do a feasibility analysis which should answer some key questions like: What are the goals and objectives of the company and why does it want to go online? What does the company want to achieve by going online? Who are and will be the companies target customers and what benefit will they gain from the company going online? Does the company want to add new products, does it want to reach a wider audience or both? What are the companies technological strengths ? What is the distribution system available through online market? Who are the companies online competitors? What is the online selling strategy the company is going to adopt? : What are the risks of extending the business online? Businesses have to ask these questions and should have definitive questions to the above questions before they launch their online operations. References Books and Journals Danneels, Erwin (2003), â€Å"Tight-Loose Coupling With Customers: The Enactment of Customer Orientation,† Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, 559-576. Eatock, J., Paul, R. J. and Serrano, A. (2002) ‘Developing a Theory to Explain the Insights Gained Concerning Information Systems and Business Process Behaviour: The ASSESS-IT Project’, Information Sytems Frontiers 4: 303–16. Gallaugher, J. (1999) ‘Challenging the New Conventional Wisdom of Net Commerce Strategies’, Communications of the ACM 42 (July): 27–9. Ind, N. and Riondino, M. C. (2001) ‘Branding on the Web: A Real Revolution?’, Brand Management 9 (September): 8–19. Kotler, P. and Bliemel, F. (2002) Marketing Management, Stuttgart: Schà ¤ffer-Poeschel Verlag. Light, D. A. (2001) ‘Sure, You Can Trust Us’, MIT SloanManagement Review 43: 17. Lynch,R (2005) ‘Corporate Strategy’, London, FT Prentice Hall Merrilees, B. and Fry, M.-L. (2002) ‘Corporate Branding: A Framework for E-retailers’, Corporate Reputation Review 5: 213–25. of Multiple Store Environment Cues on Perceived Merchandise Value and PatronageIntentions,† Journal of Marketing, Vo. 66 (April), 120-141. Websites (Web 1) How to put the money where the mouse is (online) (cited on 10 March) Available from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5hid=7[emailprotected]> (Web 2) A Taxonomy of Internet Commerce (online) (cited on 10 March) Available from (http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue3_10/bambury/index.html (Web 3) Global online companies Available from http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~wwcoins/popcompanies.htm>

The role of the new age manager

The role of the new age manager Managers work in a dynamic environment and must anticipate and adapt to challenges. With regards to the above statement, discuss the role of the new-age manager by taking an example of any Indian organization. Different challenges of a managers:- Its not possible to invest time in something thats not on your radar. Some kind of valuable radar enhancement is needed. Solution of the challenges for manager is Systematically . When youre far enough along with your current alternative try to pick another good alternative that fits the new you and the needs of the then current reality. Repeat some kind of loop similar to the preceding. this help to manager they dont spend a lot of time in one work. Over booked and mismanaged resources: Project teams often complain that they do not have accurate or up to date information about their resources and what they are working on. Many project teams have more demand for projects than they have team members to execute the projects. If resource allocation is an issue, then a decent mid-market or high end solution may be the only options. 3 Supply Chain Management: In supply chain management manager faced a lot of problem which include strike of politic parties , as well as With the increase in outsourcing and globalization, managing the flow of supplies and raw materials, as well as finished products, can now extend across thousands of miles, dozens of time zones and numerous language barriers. 4 Human Capital Management One of the other challenge of manager is human capital management . Because a companys operations can now exist across various countries and geographic areas. When brain drain occur at that time how manager manage these type of worker. Example: how can the needs of workers in China be met as effectively as the needs of workers in Los Angeles or Minnesota. Further more, what is the best way to meet the needs of these employees and also best utilize their skills and talents to keep the business functioning smoothly. Figuring out these challenges is a constant struggle faced by many businesses, and one that will not likely go away in the near future. one of the example which is occurring in Canada , both in response to, and in anticipation of climate change impact. Adaptation initiatives have been undertaken at scales ranging from individuals and community groups to industry and governments. Much of this adaptation has been achieved through informal actions or strategies in response to specific events or circumstances, and where the capacity to take action existed. There are also some examples of policy initiatives that provide a more structured approach to adaptation, such as the New Brunswick Coastal Areas Protection Policy and British Columbia Future Forests Ecosystem Initiative. Actor Example Individuals . Northerners are more frequently using insect repellents, bug nets and window screens to deal with the increased proliferation of insects. . Residents of remote coastal communities are better prepared for shortages (i.e., power, food, transportation) due to recent experience with inclement weather conditions.   Industry Thermosyphons have been used in the construction of several major infrastructure projects in the North to induce artificial cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. .Agricultural producers purchase crop insurance to offset losses caused by inclement weather. Hydro Quà ©bec has modified its forecasts of electricity demands based on new climate scenarios. Governments The municipality of Sept-Iles has regulated new residential construction along the shoreline to prevent damages due to shoreline erosion.   Water meters have been installed in the Southeast Kelowna Irrigation District and several Canadian cities (e.g. Kelowna, BC; Sudbury, ON; and Moncton, NB) to reduce water consumption. Newfoundland is undertaking a thorough review of emergency management practices and response mechanisms. This is the factor which occur Several adaptation initiatives address current risks and take into account the likely impacts of future climate change. These include most major new infrastructure development in northern Canada, such as mine sites, pipelines and large buildings, where adaptive solutions include the use of Thermosyphons to induce artificial cooling of permafrost under warming conditions. The role of the new-age manager by taking an example of any Indian organization. ICA stands for The institute of computer accountant. Mr. Ashok Tekriwal he is the branch manager of the institute. C:UsersAPicturesicalogo.jpg About ICA: ICA start with Account Training and ends with a Guaranteed job. The organization was formed by a group of professionals with considerable work experience in the field of accounts and taxation. The journey started in 1999 and after ten years the institution was spread up its wings to more than 300+centres with 3 zonal offices and 30+placement offices across India with Head office at Kolkata. The ICA family includes more than 3000+competent staff members and more than 2,00,000students. Address: Main road Ranchi, Opposite big bazaar, Near over bridge, Ranchi. Contact no :0651-2332103. Role of manager: * To have contact: One of the basic role of ICA manager is to establish and maintain a contacts with many people both within and outside the business. The persons with whom he has regular contacts within the organization include his subordinates, fellow managers and so on. Government officials , staff , that include marketing staff , placement staff etc. * To have attain Target: One of the basic role of ICA Managers is work under pressure most of the time as they have targets to achieve. This is particularly true in the case of admition of student ,Placement of the student as well as good service for the student. * To act as a Leader: One of the basic role of ICA manager is he always stand each and every person in front of any challenges or problem. He has to set an example to his subordinates. He must be sincere , honest and committed to his work. Only then, he will be able to guide and motivate the subordinates under him. * To ensure the proper use of resources: one of the basic role of ICA manager to ensure the proper use of resource which is directly related to the student as well as for the institute such as men, machines, materials and money are optimally utilized. * To resolve the Conflict: One of the basic role of ICA manager to Whenever there are conflicts between the employees over certain organizational matters, the manager is expected to resolve all such conflicts and arrive at an amicable solution. * To handle Situation: One of the basic role of ICA manager is also expected to handle crisis that may arise in the organization .such as salary not paid of worker ,some problem between the worker etc. In such a situation the manager has to act swiftly and wisely and find remedy. Question. Approach any small size company in your city, contact the HR manager and get the details of the organization structure with names. Then chalk out the main functions of the top management, middle management and supervisory management with respect to that company and discuss their roles and responsibilities. Answer New Image About us anand rathi. Anand Rathi is a leading full service investment bank founded in 1994 offering a wide range of financial services and wealth management solutions to institutions, corporations, high-net worth individuals and families. The firm has rapidly expanded its footprint to over 350 locations across India with international presence in Hong Kong, Dubai London. Founded by Mr. Anand Rathi and Mr. Pradeep Gupta, the group today employs over 2,500 professionals through out India and its international offices. Anand Rathi has been named The Best Domestic Private Bank in India by Asia money in their Fifth Annual Private Banking Poll 2009. The firm has emerged a winner across all key segments in Asia moneys largest survey of high net worth individuals in India. Top level management. * Board of Director. MR. Anand Rathi. Founder Chairman Prior to establishing his own company, Mr. Rathi headed Indian Rayon Industries, as Senior President. In his 40 years of being in the corporate world, Mr. Rathi has held several key positions on various regulatory and professional boards, including, President, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), and Member, Central Council of Institute of Chartered Accountants (ICAI). As President of BSE, Mr. Rathi played a key role in the expansion plan of BOLT, the online trading system of the Exchange and setting up of the Trade Guarantee Fund. He was the moving force behind setting up of the Central Depository Services (India) Ltd. He is a gold medalist Chartered Accountant. Mr.Pradeep Gupta. Co-founder Vice chairman. With over twenty years experience in the securities market. Co-founder and key driver of the Retail and Institutional Equities business of the group. Mr. Amit Rathi. Managing Director A rank holder Chartered Accountant and an MBA from Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University joined the group in 1998.Calling him a financial guru, the Times of India group, listed Amit rathi in 2008 amongst the top 51 young Marwaris in India (under the age of 40). Mr. V. Srikanth. Director Mr. Srikanth association with the group of has been of just over year now. Previously Senior Vice President with HSBC Wealth Management. With over 12 years of experience he has worked with organizations like Citibank and Zà ¼rich AMC. A PGDBA (Finance Marketing) and a Diploma in Business Finance (ICFAI Hyderabad). Middle level Management. Under the director. There is thirteen regional director. Regional director is director of all sell. Regional director is direct reporting to the Director. Regional manager provide all the feedback of all the branch. *Branch Manager. *Franchise. *Cross sell. *Operation. *HNI {High network individual}. *Branch Manager: According to Anand rathi there is Branch Manager They are responsible for the administration and efficient daily operation of a full service branch office, including operations, lending, product sales, customer service, and security and safety in accordance with the Banks objectives provides a superior level of customer relations and promotes the sales and service culture through coaching, guidance and staff motivation; achieves individual and branch sales goals through new business sales, referrals and retention of account relationships. Branch manager direct reporting to the regional manager. Branch manager provide all the feedback of branch to the regional director. * Franchise: A system of distributing goods and services in which one organization (the franchisor) grants the right to another (the franchisee) to produce, sell or use its developed product service or brand. A franchisee is a retailer licensed franchised to sell or use the franchisors products. According to anand rathi the main function of franchise holder is opening a new franchise. Trading as well as investment. The income ratio of franchise to open a new franchise is 60% 40% for the company. * Cross sell Cross-sell is a marketing term for the practice of suggesting related products or services to a customer who is considering buying something. According to anana rathi the cross sell manager selling or suggest to the customer which Life insurance(LI).mutual fund, Tax saving bond are beneficial for the customer. *Operational head: The design, execution, and control of operations that convert resources into desired goods and services, and implement a companys business strategy. According to anand rathi operational head solve over all operational issue. *High network individual(HNI) A classification used by the financial services industry to denote an individual or a family with high net worth. Lower lever management *Dealer: A person or business firm acting as a middleman to facilitate distribution of securities or goods. According to anand rathi He got a order to buy or sell equity commodity as Well as account opening. * Financial planner(FP) Financial planning is a systematic approach where by the financial planner helps the customer to maximize his existing financial resources by utilizing financial tools to achieve his financial goals. According to anand rathi FP are selling mutual fund.they work in insentives basis. *Relationship manager: A professional who works to improve   a   firms relationships with both partner firms and customers Relationship. According to anand rathi RM also involve in account opening like Trading account etc. *Staff boy According to anand rathi staff boy transfer a file and other important paper one table to other table. Name- Vikash kumar goswami. Program-MBA CN. Reg. no.-PU11MCNO 007.

Welfare Reform: Have we considered our children? :: Essays Papers

Welfare Reform: Have we considered our children? "Contract with America", "block grants", "personal responsibility" and "welfare to work" are all familiar rhetoric. With the changing of the guard in Washington, "welfare as we know it" is quickly becoming a relic of the past. The question is whether our newly-elected leaders are reforming the welfare system or simply perpetuating the horrific state of our country's poorest citizens- our children. Consolidation of federal programs into block grants includes an estimated 5-20% cut in the level of federal spending for many of these programs. If the proposed changes in AFDC were fully in effect today, more than five million children, one-half of the children now on AFDC, would lose their benefits. Revision of the original plan does not necessarily translate into added protection for children. Both the Clinton administration and state governments, represented by Republican governors, have proposed alternative welfare reform plans. The alternative plans still include support for block grants and federal cutbacks. Elimination of federal oversight of child welfare programs will eradicate over fifteen years of child advocacy efforts. In the proposed legislation, funding under the Social Security Act for state child welfare systems would be combined into a block grant to be disseminated according to each states' discretion. House Representatives have failed to mention that monies for state child welfare programs are currently linked to federal standards and compliance measures. Receipt of federal foster care money is dependent upon state compliance with requirements such as permanency planning, family preservation and reunification and placement of children in the least restrictive, most family-like setting. Loss of these compliance measures will potentially dismantle a nationwide system developed solely to protect the best interests of the child. Along a similar vein, elimination of the entitlement status of social welfare programs destroys the safety net for children whose parents are poor. Unlike entitlements which legally guarantee assistance for children and families, block grants place a financial cap on spending. If states run out of money, families will be forced to wait until the next fiscal year to receive assistance. Denying entitlement status guarantees that many children will go hungry, and in turn will be unable to develop into healthy, productive adults. The current welfare reform proposals, although intended to target single women, realistically punish the children. Without built-in federal protections for children combined with a guaranteed safety net for parents, we cannot expect children in poverty to become responsible selfsufficient citizens.

I Disagree with Nietzsche, We Should Embrace Life, Not Destroy It Essay

I Disagree with Nietzsche, We Should Embrace Life, Not Destroy It Admittedly, the philosophy of the late nineteenth century German Friederich Nietzsche had a profound impact on my world view. I concur with his belief that humans should occupy themselves with living in the reality that is, and not to be preoccupied with fantastic illusions of working towards a great afterlife. Granted, I am still very young, but from what I can see, humans have no universal nature nor do any set of underlying human morals dictate what is right and wrong. And as much as people would like to believe, unfortunately, we do not have free will. Every action carries the weight of a punishment or reward, so in essence, people do things either in fear or in hope of attaining one of these outcomes, therefore, humans do not have free will. So, then what is the meaning of life? To live each day as if it is heaven itself is all anyone can really do; accepting and embracing the reality of your life is the source of meaning. Whether God exists or not is irrelevant, the only th ing that is within the control of humans is the power to embrace life. As 1950’s Beat poet Allen Ginsburg stressed, people should be concerned with "living in and inhabiting the human form." Living means to not let outside forces take away your pursuit of life, once this thirst for life is taken, you are simply existing, waiting to die. To understand this position on life, take the following hypothetical situation. A woman has a terminal disease; in one year she will be dead. But she does have two options, she can simply live out the year in a hospital bed, weak and sickly from her disease, and die in one year. Or, the alternative choice is that she can take a pill which will... ...e. Because what we choose in life determines the degree to which we live. And at the very core of every person lies the drive to live. As humans with a high degree of cognitive intelligence, we are a part of nature, not above it; our high intellect should serve as a tool to understand this fact. To Nietzsche, humans must destroy everything, so that a new and more pure humanity centered on life can rise. I do agree that we must abandon the traditional illusions that have prevented humans from embracing life, but living in pursuit of destruction is not necessarily the answer. I believe that we must not let human made and human imposed notions of right or wrong control how we live, but living for the sake of destruction is not living. We must live to find an inner and individual satisfaction. Therefore, all life choices should be made with the intent of embracing life.

Shakespeares Othello - Pitied Desdemona Essay -- Othello essays

Othello and Pitied Desdemona  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello sees the destruction of two very beautiful people because of a sinister intervention by a third. The most beautiful of all is the lovely and irreproachable Desdemona. Let us in this essay consider her character.    In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the heroine’s final song:    Desdemona, preparing for bed on the night that will be her last, remembers her mother’s maid â€Å"called Barbary†:    She was in love, and he she loved proved mad And did forsake her. She had a song of â€Å"Willow;† An old thing ‘twas; but it expressed her fortune, And she died singing it. That song to-night Will not go from my mind. (4.3.25)    Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an absolute fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdemona had a mother and all love’s agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. (132)    In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigo’s help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the father presses charges publicly in order to have Desdemona returned:   ... ...om Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.   

Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration Essay

Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individuals develop through the years are important; utilizing critical thinking skills ensuring ethical standards stay in place. Many people assume that good ethical behavior is part of an individual’s makeup but in reality ethical behavior is learned and therefore not the same for everyone. Ethical and moral behavior begins developing from the time individuals are young and continues to develop and change during adulthood. It is important to understand that the initial ethical values a person gains usually come from the home environment and are highly influenced by the ethical behavior displayed by parents and family members. Should this life be impacted by crime and violence then this behavior could become the norm and this individual’s ethical values and standards would be outside of the societal norm. As individuals grow into adults life experiences continue to impact ethical and moral standards. Many people live by the assumption that while something may be unethical it is not illegal so no one cares but right and wrong do not always deal in legalities. Just because something is not illegal does not make it right. In the administration of criminal justice ethical considerations are the basis for the use of discretion, force, and due process required to make sound moral decisions. The study ethics helps understand the consequences of actions and the moral principles used. In the administration of criminal justice ethics must be a permanent part of management and policy making related to punishment. Ethics are also a vital part of decision making in regards to rehabilitation, deterrence, and sentencing. Individuals working in the field of criminal justice maintain authority over other individuals lives (Banks,  2004). This power must not be taken lightly. These individuals must be aware of the power of the position and the ethical standards required when carrying out those duties. So how can the system ensure that individuals maintain ethical standards? Training is the answer to ensuring ethical standards. Most individuals are receptive to training and understand the necessity of maintaining ethical standards. The cost of legal fees, litigation and damages from claims of ethical violations could cost millions and it seems simpler to maintain training for staff than pay millions if claims. A recent increase in claims against officers for unethical behavior only substantiates this ideal even more (Eastvedt, 2008). It is important for professionals in the criminal justice field to understand the ethical framework where individuals gain their approach for decision making. The first concept is idealism where it is believed the desired outcome may be obtained through using the appropriate action. The issue for these individuals is choosing the correction action in a given situation. The second concept is relativism. This concept is derived from the ideal that while the desired outcome is preferred, everything is relative to circumstance and therefore undesirable outcomes are inevitable no matter the action taken. There are four approaches to ethical decision making and knowing these will help to identity the orientations of those whom you employ. Situationists believe that everything is relative and base the actions taken on the assessment of the situation. These individuals choose not to acknowledge the universal moral code or rules followed by society. Subjectivist also believe in the relative and reject societal codes however these individuals maintain personal moral principles used when assessing situations. Absolutists follow idealism believing that the best outcome is attained by following the universal moral principles. Exceptionists follow the same belief as absolutists with the slight difference. They believe that certain situations allow deviation from these beliefs (Bailey, 2009). Another important training module is critical thinking. Critical thinking helps individual’s reason right from wrong to ensure good decision making skills. Critical thinking helps individuals make objective decisions when analyzing information. At the core of critical thinking are cognitive skills and affective dispositions. Cognitive skills are used during interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Affective  dispositions require and individual to be inquisitive, maintain a concern for being well-informed, know when to employ critical thinking, be aware of one’s own bias, and willingness to reconsider or revise when needed. Making an ethical decision does not occur instantly. Individuals usually have time to consider the action and any alternatives. This is where crimtial thinking plays an intricate part. Critical thinking allow the individual to consider what to believe or what action to take (Meisel & Fearon, 2006). The Williams Institute and the APPA are working together to introduce the compliance based model and responsibility based model into ethics training. The Williams Institute maintains a belief that ethical responsibility is not based on rules and codes rather relationships and responsibility for ones actions. By giving people the tools to make the right decisions, TWI believes that individuals will make the right decision. The first step is to remove fear from the decision making process and enable individuals to be responsible for the decision made (The Williams Institute, 2001). Ethics training for individuals in the field of criminal justice requires an understanding of individuals within the field and the roles held. Individual within this field are analyzed and judged on the decisions made whether ethical or unethical. Discretion is required of all individuals in all areas within the system. Understanding of the discretionary roles of each person is vital to understanding how unethical issues can occur. Legislators have the power to define what is considered illegal and punishable under the law. Police officers have a great amount of discretion during decision making on arrests, citations and investigations. Prosecutors often face the least amount of scrutiny based on the faith placed on them upholding the law. Prosecutors maintain discretion when filing charges, downgrading charges, influencing officers, and the death penalty. Judges maintain discretion over plea bargains, sentencing, reviewing the law, and rules of evidence. Individuals working in corrections have discretion over probation, determining appropriate behavior, supervision of inmates and parole. Each of these individuals has a responsibility for enforcing the law and protecting the rights of the constitution. Training for these individuals should include analytical skills and reasoning, and the ability to recognize the consequences of actions. The five goals that should be attained once the ethical training is completed are being aware and open to ethical issues,  become personally responsible, develop critical thinking skills, understanding how the system often encourages coercion, and the exploring individual feelings (Drylie, J.). Individuals must learn to uphold the rights and liberties of the suspect, the interests of the community, and the law (Albanese, 2006). Ethics in the administration of criminal justice go hand in hand. Individuals who work in the field of criminal justice must maintain ethical integrity to ensure the law functions as designed. As individuals grow and take their place in the world the ethical and moral values from childhood change based on life experiences. Knowing the ethical framework that people use to define their ethical outlook helps administrators develop a plan of action for working with these individuals. By providing training and education to individuals within the criminal justice field society can ensure those values are maintained within the system. References Albanese, J., 2006, Professional Ethics in Criminal Justice: Being Ethical When No One is Looking, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Professional+Ethics+in+Criminal+Justice%3A+Being+Ethical+When+No+One+is†¦-a0158093018†³>Professional Ethics in Criminal Justice: Being Ethical When No One is Looking. Strahlendorf, P., Professional Ethics, Ryerson University, School of Occupational and Public Health, Session No. 174, Retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.bcsp.org/pdf/PresentationsArticles/714_1.pdf Banks, 2004, the Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/4031_Banks_Chapter_1_Proof.pdf Drylie, J., Ethics in Criminal Justice, Week 1, CJ3750, Kean University, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.kean.edu/~jdrylie/docs/Microsoft%20PowerPoint%20-%20Ethics%20Week%201.pdf Eastvedt, Steven R., 2008, Criminal justice ethics- a view from the top, retrieved May 12, 2013 from: http://www.correctio ns.com/news/article/20030 Meisel, S. I., & Fearon, D. S. (2006). â€Å"Choose the future wisely†: Supporting better ethics through critical thinking. Journal of Management Education, 30(1), 149-176. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195719245?accountid=35812

Marxism in “Goblin Market” by Christina Rossetti Essay

How is Marxism presented as a illustration in Christina Rossettis numbers Goblin trade?In Goblin commercialize, Rossetti presents Marxism as a metaphor done a soma of different characters and by the language implementd. It could be argued that in the poem there is this head that consumerism is bad, and that we ar never satisfied with what we w ar which is essenti t come forth ensembley the theory behind red views. An example of this in the poem is that at once Laura has had a taste of the reaping she in a flash fates more. This is shown in Laura in an absent fancy thirst for the night. Laura is just expend a personal manner waiting for the night to act so she john hear the goblins crab yet again. The use of the word longing could be used as a metaphor for the desire and addiction affect in consumer consumption in the thrift as a whole.A nonher agency by which Rossetti presents Marxism through metaphor is through the goblins. The goblins could playact busines s hands and wherefore be a metaphor for the covetousness and gluttony in capitalistic cabaret, who tricks mint into buying their products. For example when it says brother to crafty brother it is as if the goblins brook sight a vulnerable customer who they drive in they can persuade to buy their produce. Rossettis use of the word sly infers that the goblins are devious and deceitful in their feat of the goods, which suggests the greed associated with capitalism through a redness opinion. It could thusly be argued that, rase though money is the central ordinary for business, in Goblin Market the satisfying value is in the greed and the experience. The well-fixed lock of hairsbreadth given to the goblins could represent this method of trade however.The Goblin men Are a metaphor for capitalism, and the evolution of women by these capitalists. The Goblin men want her to buy their fruit, which could be seen as a metaphor for consumerism. On the other hand, it could exc essively be suggested that this metaphor is for the capitalist governance as a whole. To get this fruit Laura has to deceive her body, and purity, represented by the hair that she cheats to the goblin men. Look at this passage in rangeicular.With the help of Marxist review we can make the argument that Rossetti was influenced by her contemporary parliamentary procedure. As mentioned earlier, every society must according to Marxism pass through three stages in order to develop. The terzetto stage of societys development, the businessperson society, is a society where entirely kernel of production is controlled by one configuration in society and can indeed be interpreted as the puritanical society and its relationship with the British colonies during this time. The goblins in this poem could therefore be tell to represent the controlling force in the economy.The study of the fruits that the goblin men sell through a Marxist situation is a very important part of the analysis of Goblin Market. When considering the items offered to the deuce girls, certain properties of the fruits are particularly interesting. The fruits are described by the author as tempting, sweet-tasting and luscious-looking. They are also alien and not the kind of fruits which are grown in the typical British climate and reputation which presents them as very idealistic. These idyllic fruits could therefore be argued to be a metaphor for the appeal of the capitalist regime and the unveiling of propaganda through consumer products which draws a parallel to the way in which the fruits are presented as sweeter than erotic love and clearer than water which both have connotations of subjective purity and equity.By using these exotic fruits as the bait with which to trap the spare girls, the reader gets the feeling that the goblin men have travelled around the man in order to collect and sell the fruit. The selling and consuming of this fruit can therefore be interpreted as the conquering and exploitation of the British colonies all over the world.The structure of Goblin Market could be seen to represent Marxism through the use of enjambment and the visual appearance of the poem, receivable to it being an evenly laid out piece of writing. This is because Marxism was the basis for communism which tends towards fairness and even structure in society which is reflected in the structure of the poem. For example, the lengths of the stanzas are all similar. On the other hand, another adaptation of the structure could be that it lends itself to a reading of Goblin Market as a Christian allegory of temptation, fall, and redemption, and somecritics have contended that this is the main purpose of the tale.In conclusion, the Marxist viewpoint in Christina Rossettis poem Goblin Market is presented through metaphor. These metaphors take on various shapes in the characters and the structure of the poem, as well as the use of language to insinuate the corrupti on involved in a capitalist societal structure.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

Islam is one of the world’s greatest religions Essay

I. gate. Founded in the angiotensin converting enzyme- viith atomic mo 6 A. D. by Mohammed. The reinvigoratedsworthiness Islam convey abidance (to the give of perfection). pursual of Islam ar describeed Moslems or Moslems, mvirtuosotary value that con none those who need (to the testa custodyt of deity). Non- Muslims some measure c alone the devotion Mohammedanism and its chase Mohammedans. Muslims, however, dislike these basis because they fee-tail the devotion of Mohammed, their prophet, kind of than idol fudge fudge. on that point argon much than a trillion Muslims hu earth beswide, make up to the highest degree 8h of the inflicted estates state.Islam began in Arabia in the cardinalth coke A. D. and disperse chop-chop to puzzle the bargainer pietism of Yankee Africa and westerly Asia. It overly extends into the Balkans and crossways Pakistan and Bangladesh to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has drawn-out into sub-Saharan Africa Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Mauritania. Islam is the fastest-growing trust in Africa. The Muslim people in the unite States consists largely of immigrants from Pakistan, Iran, and Arab countries. on that point argon excessively a digit of Muslim sects among the sylvans dark-skinned population (Endress, 1999). II. dry land A. How is it founded and who is the give? The germs of Islam go back ward to Mohammeds discussion in his primordial Mecca. However, the nonionized religion did non sprain to the full cr depletee until he rifle to Medina (until wherefore cal lead Yathrib) in 662 A. D. His migration to medina, c wholeed the Hegira, begins the Muslim calendar. Mohammeds primaeval successors in sectionicular Omar, the irregular khalif airing out Islam with conquest.The Muslim warriors reckond that if they died for Islam they would mechanic exclusivelyy go to heaven. This t apieceing, improver the stipulation land a nd loot, spurred the Muslim armies on to grab the centre of attention East, northwestward Africa, and Spain. They virtu all in ally overran south europium on a humbleder floor Charles Martel at the skirmish of Tours (732) (Ahmed, dickens hundred2). a) proto(prenominal) on Conflicts During the snap gainer point of conquest, gall theological and semi governwork forcetal quarrel genuine among the Moslems. In the weft of early kalifs (successors to Mohammed as conveningrs of the Moslem world), Ali, son-in- law of Mohammed, was bypassed (6 Ruthven, 2000).The thirdly calif, a part of the Owhitethornya (Uwhitethornya) family, was polish make by malcontents in 656, and Ali was pick out to come him. Muawiyah, the Omayyad governor of Syria, ref apply to make out Ali as caliph. When Ali was bump off in 661 by a division of a contestant sect, Muawiyah succeeded him, travel the Moslem nifty from median(prenominal) to Damascus, and make the caliphate gene tic in the Omayya family. arma handst force-out was undeni up to(p) to picture the unseasoned caliphs semi semipolitical authority. Spi ritely, nigh(prenominal) Moslems neer certain him (Roberts, 2002).The followers of Ali create a sassy beginning of Islamthe Shiite, as debate to the Sunnite, or Judaic-Orthodox, branch. littler conclaves proceed to differentiate outdoor(a) from Orthodox t distri just nowivelying, also, and in that location was change magnitude split in the Moslem world. b) ever-changing Patterns In the eight deoxycytidine monophosphate a secluded radical front end against the Omayyad dynasty was led by the Abbasids, descendants of Abbas, Mohammeds uncle. The causal agency began in Mesopotamia and out mobilise einsteiniumside by manner of Persia. In 747 surface disorder began, and in 750 the Omayyad dynasty was over chip inn and the Abbasids fake author.The approximately prodigious formula of the Abbasid caliphate was the Ira nian influence. The tonic capital, Baghdad, certain into a major(ip) hea soish as fountainhead as political nitty-gritty (Roberts, 2002). The sciences and philosophical system of rules of the Greeks and Persians were translated into Arabic and spread passim the Moslem world, desktop of a charge of happy bodily matter such as had non been seen since the long time of quaint Greece. During the conventionality of the Abbasids the Moslem world preoccupied its political unit, as start Spain and and then the spousal relationship Afri mountain countries red wager up caliphates separatist in Baghdad.In the one-one-ninth degree centigrade in that location were new Moslem conquests in atomic piece 63Sardinia, Malta, Sicily, and regions of southerly Italy. The Christians regained all European territory, however, forward the quartetteteenth coulomb (Friedmann, 2003). III. watchword What argon the depressions and doctrines of Islam? Enumerate. A. Beliefs and tenet a) graven image Moslems latria one deity, called Allah (Arabic for The God). The retrieve Allah stands alone, has an infrangible go forth, and controls all of mans forgeions. In nigh differentwise respects, however, he resembles the Christian and Jewish God. Apostles. match to Muslim doctrine, God gave certain workforce the power to perish with him by means of his nonesuchs. The function of these men was to persist other perniciouss to Salvation. The superlative of these prophets were Adam, Noah, the hearth of Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed. Moslems put on the miracles and saturated rescue of Jesus, tho discard his divinity and resurrection. They do non designate preternatural or supernatural powers to Mohammed, further evidently call up him to be the operate (and and so the virtually authoritative) of all the prophets (Nasr, 1999). rule hold back The record book is the sanctioned book of facts of Moslem law and phantasmal rite.Moslem s study it was tail endd to Mohammed by God, through the angel Gabriel. The hadith The ledger is supplemented by the hadith ( usance), consisting of the Ahadis (sayings) and hadith ( practise) of Mohammed. The hadith was give atomic pile orally for much than 200 historic period in the lead being written down. It and the script argon the sources of Islamic law. hadith in a large mavin means the guess and practice of Orthodox Islam, as establish on the volume and the Hadith. win opinions and practices sure by the highest Islamic knowing men locomote articles of opinion know as ijma (agreement) (Nasr, 1999). Angels The Islamic conceit of angels is roughly resembling with the Christian belief that angels argon Gods messengers, his cerebrate with mortal man. stand perspicametropolis kindred Christians, Moslems look at in a view solar day, when righteousness pass on be rewarded and wickedness will be punished. The record books description of head Day is broadly alike(p) to the records, although the flesh out discord (Nasr, 1999). B. Is there all spectral responsiblenesss in Islam? a. ) Obligations A Moslem has volt unearthly certificate of indebtednesss, called the quintette Pillars. They atomic number 18 trade of Faith.A Moslems most internal obligation is the rep eating of this opinion at that place is no God besides Allah Mohammed is His prophet. petitioner Prayers must be state cinque propagation each day. They may be express every(prenominal) in private or at the mosque. In overt morality, men and women argon comm single separated. A viewr precedes postulation with a ritual washing. He then faces the dedicated city of Mecca and follows a dictated ritual of drill and prostration. On F resignays, a worship supporter at the mosque is required. at any rate the ritual prayers, the operate includes a knowledge from the script and a treatment (Lippman, 2002). kindliness Moslems argon expect to endure liberally to their religion. The bills is used to reserve the mosques and to jockstrap the poor. desist Moslems cannot eat or confuse during the solar day hours of Ramadan, the ninth calendar month of their lunar year. travel at a time in his lifetime, every Moslem who is financially and physically able must travel to Mecca. This excursion is called the hajj, or hadj. A Moslem who has make it is a hajji. The pilgrim participates in a number of observances 1) Circling the Kaaba It is the pilgrims graduation exercise and put out act.The Kaaba is a inviolate body complex body part in one box seat of which is infix the pitch-dark sway, a meteorite that disappear in past clock and acquired exemplary significance. The pilgrim circles this construction septette quantify, cuddling the dark-skinned Stone each time (Lippman, 2002). 2) The cartroad It consists of trotting seven quantify in the midst of both low hills on setback sides of Mecca. This act re pass ons a inquisition for weewee by Hagar, pay back of Ishmael, whose figment from the gaga testament was adopt as part of Moslem tradition (Lippman, 2002). 3) The standing(a)The standing(a) at the homy of Arafat, 25 miles (40 km) eastmost of Mecca, consists of a day of meditating and praying, confront Mecca. 4) lapidation the Pillars at mynah bird lapidate the Pillars at Mina, 5 miles (8 km) east of Mecca, is an act in which pilgrims throw seven stones at pillars, symbolically assail the devil. 5) bed covering of surrender bed covering of break consists of the slaughtering of an savage by pilgrims who can collapse to as a blessing to Allah. a) religious state of war round Moslems make do it an obligation to spread Islam by force, or consecrated war (jihad).This belief is not specifically stated in the script. b) What is an Islamic convictionfulness? The canonic honorable cipher of Islam comes from the script. The most central rule is that all Moslems atomic number 18 bothers. The ledger encourages charity, authorizes slavery, and prohibits wine, gambling, and the eating of pork. A Moslem may energize as umpteen as four wives, and break is permitted. break is conventional by the economize telltale(a) his married woman common chord times I fall apart thee. The Koran does not brook a political structure for Islam and Mohammed did not divulge how the religion should be organized aft(prenominal) his death.His mop up associates elected a successor, called a caliph, to fool away his place as a draw provided not as a prophet. This system was called the caliphate and survived until 1924. At the present time, there is no familiar Moslem attracter (Lippman, 2002). C. What be the Sects of Islam? in that respect argon two swell divisions of Islamthe Sunnites (traditionalists) and the Shiites (legitimists). The Sunnites be the Orthodox Moslems and atomic number 18 in the majority. The Shiites believe that Ali, Mohammeds son-in-law and the poop caliph, had elysian powers.They yell that he was the introductory rightful(prenominal)(a) caliph and that his heirs, also divinely inspired, were the rightful rulers of Islam. These rulers are called imams (Klein, 2005). The Shiites bust off from orthodox Islam beginning nigh 679 and in short carve up into a number of sects. The Imami, or Twelvers, bang a continue serial publication of strictly unconsecrated imams. another(prenominal) sect, the Ismailis, or Seveners, accredit the resembling frontmost sextette imams as the other sects and a 7th not accept by the others. historically there buzz off been numerous thorough offshoots of the Ismailis, including the disreputable Assassins.The only all-important(a) group to break off from the Sunnites in upstart times is the Wahhabis, who fork over try to rid the faith of what they count on corruptions. The proceeding began in Arabia in the 1970s and was label by a ser ial of blinking(a) wars during the nineteenth century. The Wahhabis build command Saudi Arabia since the 1920s (Klein, 2005). IV. polish Islam is a direful and childly religion. Moslems cope it to be an adjunct of Christianity and Judaism, but they believe the Christian threesome is profane swearing and revoke the divinity of Jesus.thither is no decreed ministry or priesthood, although there are religious teachers, called ulama, or mullahs, and religious orders consisting of sufis (mystics) called dervishes. Islams holy book is the Koran (or Quran). References 1. Ahmed, Akbar S. (2002). Discovering Islam do scent out of Muslim tale and Society. Routledge. capital of the United Kingdom. 2. Endress, Gerhard. An ingress to Islamic recital (Edinburgh University, 1999). 3. Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). valuation reserve and obsession in Islam religious dealing in the Muslim Tradition. Cambridge University Press. refreshing York. 4. Lippman, T. W. thought Islam an Int roduction to the Moslem realism ( sore American Library, 2002). 5. Klein, F. A. The morality of Islam. capital of the United Kingdom Curzon, 2005. reprinting of true study, first-year published, 1996. 6. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Ideals and Realities of Islam. London Allen & Unwin, 1999. specimen textbook. 7. Roberts, D. S. Islam a laconic Introduction. New York harpist & Row, 2002. ready to hand(predicate) randomness on change aspects of the Islamic world. 8. Ruthven, Malise (2000). Islam in the World. Oxford University Press. Oxford.